libtiff 静态编译教程

TIFF（Tag Image File Format）图像文件是图形图像处理中常用的格式之一，其图像格式很复杂，但由于它对图像信息的存放灵活多变，可以支持很多色彩系统，而且独立于操作系统，因此得到了广泛应用。在各种地理信息系统、摄影测量与遥感等应用中，要求图像具有地理编码信息，例如图像所在的坐标系、比例尺、图像上点的坐标、经纬度、长度单位及角度单位等等。

该库的发行版中包括一个用于读写 TIFF 的库 libtiff，一小部分用于在 UNIX 系统上对 TIFF 映像进行简单操作的工具以及该库和工具上的文档。 还包括由他人提供的一小部分与 TIFF 相关的 UNIX 软件。

该库以及相关的工具程序应可以满足您在32位和64位计算机上读写TIFF图像的大部分需求。 该软件也可以在较旧的16位系统上使用，尽管可能需要一些努力，并且您可能需要省略一些压缩支持。

本篇文章主要是介绍在 Windows 平台下，如何编译 libpng 的静态库。在开始之前，确认你的机器已经安装了 CMake 和 Visual Studio，如果你不知道怎样安装，可以查看 CMake 安装教程 和 Visual Studio 安装教程。

首先去官网，下载最新的 libtiff 源码包，最新的版本为 4.1.0。

下载完成后，解压，找到 CMakeLists.txt 文件，用已经安装好的 CMake 软件打开，或者直接将该文件拖拽到 CMake 的 UI 界面上。在 Where to build the binaries 目录后面增加 _build 目录。这样可以确保生成的文件在 _build 目录中，而不会污染原有的 libtiff 目录。

点击 Configure 按钮，生成配置信息，如果弹出新建 _build 目录确认的对话框，选择 Yes。

选择你想要编译的平台版本，这里使用 vs2019 编译 x64 位的静态库。

点击 Finish，CMake 会自动识别当前系统的配置信息，并生成相关的配置文件。

Building tiff version 4.1.0
libtiff library version 5.5.0
Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.18363.
The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.24.28315.0
Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe -- works
Detecting C compiler ABI info
Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
Detecting C compile features
Detecting C compile features - done
Performing Test C_FLAG_W3
Performing Test C_FLAG_W3 - Success
Performing Test HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT
Performing Test HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT - Failed
Looking for assert.h
Looking for assert.h - found
Looking for dlfcn.h
Looking for dlfcn.h - not found
Looking for fcntl.h
Looking for fcntl.h - found
Looking for inttypes.h
Looking for inttypes.h - found
Looking for io.h
Looking for io.h - found
Looking for search.h
Looking for search.h - found
Looking for stdint.h
Looking for stdint.h - found
Looking for string.h
Looking for string.h - found
Looking for strings.h
Looking for strings.h - not found
Looking for sys/time.h
Looking for sys/time.h - not found
Looking for sys/types.h
Looking for sys/types.h - found
Looking for unistd.h
Looking for unistd.h - not found
Performing Test C_HAS_inline
Performing Test C_HAS_inline - Success
Performing Test TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
Performing Test TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME - Failed
Performing Test TM_IN_SYS_TIME
Performing Test TM_IN_SYS_TIME - Success
Looking for stddef.h
Looking for stddef.h - found
Check size of signed int
Check size of signed int - done
Check size of unsigned int
Check size of unsigned int - done
Check size of signed long
Check size of signed long - done
Check size of unsigned long
Check size of unsigned long - done
Check size of signed long long
Check size of signed long long - done
Check size of unsigned long long
Check size of unsigned long long - done
Check size of unsigned char *
Check size of unsigned char * - done
Check size of size_t
Check size of size_t - done
Check size of ptrdiff_t
Check size of ptrdiff_t - done
Looking for mmap
Looking for mmap - not found
Looking for setmode
Looking for setmode - not found
Looking for snprintf
Looking for snprintf - found
Looking for strcasecmp
Looking for strcasecmp - not found
Looking for strtol
Looking for strtol - found
Looking for strtoll
Looking for strtoll - found
Looking for strtoul
Looking for strtoul - found
Looking for strtoull
Looking for strtoull - found
Looking for getopt
Looking for getopt - not found
Looking for lfind
Looking for lfind - found
Check if the system is big endian
Searching 16 bit integer
Check size of unsigned short
Check size of unsigned short - done
Using unsigned short
Check if the system is big endian - little endian
CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR set to AMD64
HOST_FILLORDER set to FILLORDER_LSB2MSB
HOST_BIG_ENDIAN set to 0
HAVE_IEEEFP set to 1
Could NOT find ZLIB (missing: ZLIB_LIBRARY ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR) 
Could NOT find JPEG (missing: JPEG_LIBRARY JPEG_INCLUDE_DIR) 
Looking for jbg_newlen
Looking for jbg_newlen - not found
Could NOT find LibLZMA (missing: LIBLZMA_LIBRARY LIBLZMA_INCLUDE_DIR LIBLZMA_HAS_AUTO_DECODER LIBLZMA_HAS_EASY_ENCODER LIBLZMA_HAS_LZMA_PRESET) 
The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.24.28315.0
Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe -- works
Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
Detecting CXX compile features
Detecting CXX compile features - done
Found OpenGL: opengl32   
Could NOT find GLUT (missing: GLUT_glut_LIBRARY GLUT_INCLUDE_DIR) 
Looking for GL/gl.h
Looking for GL/gl.h - not found
Looking for GL/glu.h
Looking for GL/glu.h - not found
Looking for GL/glut.h
Looking for GL/glut.h - not found
Looking for GLUT/glut.h
Looking for GLUT/glut.h - not found
Looking for OpenGL/gl.h
Looking for OpenGL/gl.h - not found
Looking for OpenGL/glu.h
Looking for OpenGL/glu.h - not found
Libtiff is now configured for 
  Installation directory:             C:/Program Files (x86)/tiff
  Documentation directory:            C:/Program Files (x86)/tiff/share/doc/tiff
  C compiler:                         C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
  C++ compiler:                       C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.24.28314/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
  Build shared libraries:             ON
  Enable linker symbol versioning:    FALSE
  Support Microsoft Document Imaging: ON
  Use win32 IO:                       TRUE
 Support for internal codecs:
  CCITT Group 3 & 4 algorithms:       ON
  Macintosh PackBits algorithm:       ON
  LZW algorithm:                      ON
  ThunderScan 4-bit RLE algorithm:    ON
  NeXT 2-bit RLE algorithm:           ON
  LogLuv high dynamic range encoding: ON
 Support for external codecs:
  ZLIB support:                       ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  Pixar log-format algorithm:         ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  JPEG support:                       ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  Old JPEG support:                   ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  JPEG 8/12 bit dual mode:            ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  ISO JBIG support:                   ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  LZMA2 support:                      ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  ZSTD support:                       ON (requested)  (availability)
  WEBP support:                       ON (requested) FALSE (availability)
  C++ support:                        ON (requested) TRUE (availability)
  OpenGL support:                     FALSE
Configuring done

TIFF 库包含很多可选项，大多数配置都不是必须的，这里我们可以添加 zlib、jpeg 和 webp 的支持。因为之前的文章中我们编译过它们的静态文件，其余不支持的功能，需要一一剔除，否则编译可能会报错。

剔除 jbig、jpeg12、lzma、zstd 的支持：

然后点击 Advanced 复选框，配置相关的目录信息。

首先配置 JPEG 相关信息：

接着，WEBP 和 ZLIB 相关信息：

再次点击 Configure 按钮，配置 OK 后，点击 Generate 按钮生成解决方案。完毕后，点击 OpenProject 打开工程。

libtiff 相关的项目非常多，这里主要关注的是 tiff 工程，该工程是用来编译 libtiff 静态库的源码工程。按照 Debug/Release 和 /MT 以及 /MD 之分，至少可以组合四种配置，所以我们分别选择不同的配置属性，生成最后的四种库文件，并将它们放到不同的目录下。具体的配置方法可以查看 运行时库详解 这篇文章，每次修改配置都编译一次工程，编译成功后，将生成的结果放到一开始设定的目录下，最后的目录结构如下：

---
 |--- include //放头文件
 |--- lib
       |--- Debug
       |      |--- MDd
       |      |     |-- tiffd.lib
       |      |
       |      |--- MTd
       |            |-- tiffd.lib
       |
       |--- Release
              |--- MD
              |     |-- tiff.lib
              |
              |--- MT
                    |-- tiff.lib

为了方便这里我打包了最后的结果，方便大家直接使用，不过这里只有 x64 版本，如果你的机器还是 32 位系统则无法使用。libtiff 静态库下载

这里有一点注意，在 include 头文件的目录里面需要加入 CMake 生成的 tif_config.h、tiffconf.h 文件，这两个文件默认生成在 _build/libtiff 里面，如果忘记这两个头文件，在使用 libtiff 库的时候，可能会无法找到 tif_config.h、tiffconf.h 而导致编译无法通过。